Elucidating Challenges Account Corporations -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Which Issues Are Being Faced By The Multinational Organizations Related To The Accounting Aspect While Performing The Business Operations At The Global Level? Which Accounting Policies Can Be Adopted By The Multinational Organizations For Coping With These Issues? What Are The Impacts Of These Issues Related To Accounting On The Multinational Organizations And Their Performance? Answers: Presentation Worldwide associations are working at the worldwide level and for the viable execution of the activities, it is fundamental to agree to the bookkeeping and duty framework. This will help in settling the issues or debates looked by the associations in a superior way. Various issues are being looked by the worldwide associations which are making an effect on the activities of the business (Mann, 2012). These issues incorporate equivocal, irregularity and ever-changing tax collection rules. A powerful duty and bookkeeping framework must be embraced by the associations in order to recuperate from the downturn, working in the worldwide market, adapting to the remote expense guidelines at the nearby and worldwide level and adapting to the issues of spending deficiencies (McKinley Owsley, 2013). This examination will concentrate on the bookkeeping issues which are influencing the exhibition of worldwide associations by concentrating on Apple Inc. Task Objective Destinations are defined with a thought process to shape a base for the information assortment process. Goals help in managing the scientist towards the correct course. The goal of this examination program is to break down the issues identified with the bookkeeping part of the global association during the execution of the business tasks at worldwide level. Another goal is to break down the bookkeeping strategies which can be received by the global associations for adapting to the issues. Undertaking Scope The focal point of this examination program will be on the different bookkeeping principles embraced by Apple Inc. what's more, issues which are being looked by the organization during the dispatch of its items in the outside market. Diverse bookkeeping guidelines will be canvassed in this exploration program which is being embraced for the administration of inside condition by the association. It will concentrate on the issues and approaches accessible for comprehending the issues looked by the global associations. Writing Review In the expressions of Freedman (2011), bookkeeping is a significant viewpoint which incorporates an account of the exchanges executed by the association and keeping the records of the exchanges. It is fundamental for the associations working at a universal level to consider the expense purview for following principles and guidelines. There is a need to consent to the changing tax collection rules and guidelines (Kravitz, 2016). It has been prescribed to the associations to take on the global tasks by meeting the assessment traditions that must be adhered to. Various standards should be received by the organization in order to coordinate with the expense rules and guidelines (Lipin, 2011). Another issue which is being looked by the associations at worldwide level is income acknowledgment. Income is a significant component for the fiscal reports (Gornik-Tomaszewski Showerman, 2010). Income acknowledgment is considered as a significant bookkeeping strategy which decides when to perceive the income created from the offer of the results of the organization (Norton, 2011). Examination Design and Methodology Various strategies are available which can be received by the scientist to direct the exploration program by gathering quality information. Examination has been done of the different techniques accessible for the choice of the most reasonable and suitable strategies for the finish of the exploration and accomplishing the destinations characterized. In this exploration program, the attention is on an assortment of the information with respect to the issues identified with the bookkeeping which are being looked by the associations while execution of the tasks of the business at the worldwide level. There are different bookkeeping approaches utilized by the global associations for conquering these issues. Information in regards to these perspectives will be amassed with the utilization of the chose strategies for information assortment. Exploration plan: investigation has been done of subjective and quantitative examination technique to choose the most proper strategy for information assortment. Subjective examination technique has been favored for this exploration program. Subjective exploration techniques use semi-organized or unstructured strategies for the assortment of the information in regards to the angle (Kielmann, et. al., 2012). The explanation for the choice of this strategy is the information given by the subjective examination technique with respect to the issue, angle or the pattern (Acaps, 2012). The better investigation will be done of the issues looked by the worldwide associations in regards to the bookkeeping perspective while dealing with the business tasks. This exploration strategy will help in collecting quality information with respect to the bookkeeping issues looked by the Multinational associations. Exploration approach: subjective methodology has been decided for this examination program among the different options accessible. The rationale behind the choice of this methodology is an assortment of the applicable information for the exploration venture. Essential and auxiliary sources are applied to the collecting of the necessary information. This methodology guarantees the nature of the information just as adds to the dependability and genuineness of the information. Information assortment: gathering the necessary information is a fundamental part of each exploration as it decides the nature of the examination work did by the scientist. Essential and auxiliary sources have been looked over the rundown of accessible techniques for information assortment. Essential information is the crude information which gets collected explicitly for the exploration program by the specialist legitimately from the respondents. This data is direct information as it is gathered straightforwardly from the respondents (Thomas, 2015). Optional information is the recycled information which gets collected from crafted by different scientists from web or papers (Johnston, 2014). At the point when the conversation is made with respect to the unwavering quality, auxiliary information is considered over the essential information (Turkenburg McAuley, 2013). Inspecting technique: after investigation of the distinctive examining strategies, arbitrary testing has been picked. Irregular testing method is a methodology where determination of the example is done on an arbitrary premise which kills the choice of the examples on the one-sided premise (Banerjee, 2012). Tests get chose by giving equivalent chance of getting chose for the examination and assessment process (Alvi, 2016). Exploration system: for the fulfillment of the examination program in a fruitful way, there is a need to receive a methodology which will guarantee the finish of the examination by covering each viewpoint. A consecutive methodology is a compelling methodology for guaranteeing the fulfillment of examination in a pre-characterized request. This will cover each movement one after one for the accomplishment of the goals. Directed market: this term can be characterized as the spot from where information with respect to the exploration program is to be gathered. Examination information must be assembled by focusing available from where information must be aggregated. Essential information will be amassed with the assistance of a poll to the representatives working in the records division of the worldwide associations. Optional information will be aggregated from the web sources, for example, diaries, sites, notices, and articles. Time period: an activity plan has been set up with a target to characterize the timeframe in which each action of the examination must be finished. This time span will fill in as an outline for each action of the exploration. Moral contemplations: morals helps in controlling the person towards the correct. While directing the exploration program, focal point of the analyst ought to be on leading the examination in a reasonable way. For this exploration venture, hardly any moral angles have been mulled over. These moral viewpoints are secrecy, absence of prejudice or decency and uprightness. Examination Limitations Examination confinements can be characterized as the obstacles or issues which influences the execution procedure of the exploration program. Recognizable proof of the exploration confinements should be done in a powerful way as these restrictions make an effect on the fruitful finishing of the examination program. Various methodologies are being utilized by the scientists for conquering these impediments and end of the effect of these confinements on the exploration program. Nature of the exploration may get influenced because of the nearness of the examination restrictions. Exploration confinements distinguished during the execution procedure of this examination venture are absence of accessibility of assets, deficient timeframe and absence of option to get to the information. Time Schedule (Research Plan) Grouping Exercises Date of inception Length (ways) Date of finishing A) Choice of the exploration subject 24 January 2018 1 24 January 2018 B) Planning plans for encircling a base for the exploration 25 January 2018 5 29 January 2018 C) Execution of the plans encircled 30 January 2018 7 05 February 2018 D) Choice of strategies for gathering of the information 06 February 2018 1 06 February 2018 E) Utilizing chosen techniques for information assortment 07 February 2018 6 12 February 2018 F) Examination and assessment 13 February 2018 3 15 February 2018 G) End and suggestions 16 February 2018 1 16 February 2018 End From the above conversation, it very well may be expressed that various difficulties are being looked by Apple Inc. while the recor

Serial Killings and Mass Murders free essay sample

What are the similitudes and contrasts between sequential executioners and mass killers? For what reason does every one of these gatherings present such a potential threat to society? Sequential executioners are keen individuals yet baffled and irate with something in their life. They would take their resentment out by executing individuals who have similitudes with the individual they are baffled with. Mass killers then again kills gathering of individuals simultaneously and more often than not at the equivalent place.Mass killers thought process for the most part is simply to murder so they discover area and continue with their arrangement. Sequential executioners and mass killers have no close to home hatred with individuals they care slaughtering, they are finished outsiders, and they become casualties to these individuals since they were told or they are disappointed. These gatherings are hazardous on the grounds that they target numerous guiltless individuals. These casualties have nothing to do with these gatherings however beyond words some elses outrage. We will compose a custom article test on Sequential Killings and Mass Murders or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Mass homicides essential crucial kill, they would not give it a second thought if there are little youngsters in that group.Mass murders are anything but difficult to control, as they are irate and are discovering approaches to release this outrage some way, so at cap time in the event that they hear anybody saying they wish to kill somebody, these killings would not give it a second thought and feel free to kill. They wont just murder that individual however will execute each one of those additionally are with that individual. 2. How might a humanist characterize aberrance? How does the sociological meaning of abnormality contrast from usually help presumptions? As indicated by humanist aberrance can be a positive or a negative conduct. Negative degenerate conduct can be murders, assault, and a lot more while there are a few practices that are not absolutely Viviane like speeding ticket, it isn't large wrongdoing however this conduct is freak conduct. As indicated by regularly known freak conduct or abnormality implies negative or wrong conduct, it implies wrongdoing. A youngster not getting their work done or tuning in to their folks are considered as freak conduct also. Society has taken the importance of aberrance when all is said in done a little off-base or enormous violations them two are viewed as abnormality.

Perennial Question Can A Person Have Too Many Books

Perennial Question Can A Person Have Too Many Books Answer: Yes. Yes, she absolutely can. Over the course of the past weekend, I dealt with this situation: My husband calls it The Cube. He’s called it that for years, because this is only the latest in many, many visits from The Cube. I’m a librarian. And a reader. And a reviewer. New books enter our house every dayâ€"some that I buy, some that I borrow from the library, some that publishers send in the hopes that I’ll cover them, some that seem to just appear out of thin air. As much as I read and as fast as I read, I will never ever ever ever be able to keep up. (I’m guessing that a lot of you out there can relate?) So, despite the fact that I have a whole lot of shelf space, every few months the overflow becomes The Cube, and suddenly it feels like there’s a third person living in our (extremely small) house. And that’s when the weeding begins. I pull it all  apart, and I sort books into two piles: books I immediately know I want/need to keep vs. books I immediately know can go away.  Then I sort the Go Away pile into finished copies vs. unfinished  review copiesâ€"finished copies get donated to my library, and review copies get recycled. Here’s a picture of what I ultimately discarded: Then comes the hard part: dealing with the rest. I sort and sort and sort and sort, breaking the piles down by publication year and, in the case of upcoming titles, by publication MONTH: Here’s part of the (almost) finished productâ€"also known as the Former Home of The Cube: I get rid of even more, shelve what I canâ€"alphabetically by author for the most partâ€"and then I start making room by weeding the  shelves themselves. Sometimes I find books that I was once interested in reading, but that interest has waned; sometimes I find books that are there purely because I feel like I SHOULD read them. Let’s be honest: we’ve all got a few of those books on our shelves. Books that we’re hanging on to because they’re capital-I important, because they were gifts, because they won such-and-such award. And books that, worst of all, were holding on to because we think it will somehow reflect badly on us as readers if we not only haven’t read them, but have no intention of reading them. Books that are there because of What Other People Might Think, not because we actually want them. Every so often, there’s an essayâ€"or sometimes an entire book, barfâ€"bemoaning the State of Modern-Day Reading Culture, wailing about how a lack of interest in a specific subgenre of literature is a sign of the decline of civilization. (Not-so-surprisingly, said pieces usually focus on long-dead cishet white male authors, and not-so-surprisingly, said pieces usually say more about the essayist’s ego and desire for intellectual validation than they do about their supposed topic, but holy cow, I am digressing.) As much as we push back against that mentality, as much as we talk about reading what we want to read because we want to read it, like any other message that is pushed at us over and over and over again, deep down, it’s very easy for that message to worm its way into our hearts and our brains. It’s like advertising. As I scan my shelves looking to make more room, I try to keep that in mind. If I look at a book and feel a sense of obligation rather than an active desire to read, that’s a good indicator that I’m probably never going to get around to reading it. If I change my mind, there’s always the library. Or, more likely, I might buy it all over again, thus continuing the life cycle of The Cube. (At least I’m honest about my bad habits?) For more on weedingâ€"including various weeding techniques!â€"see these posts.

Gender Socialization Is The Process Of Learning Gender...

Why is it that despite making up 55.5 % of the United States population women hold only 19.6 % of seats on the U.S Congress, 4.6% of CEO positions (SP 500 companies), and 13.2% of school superintendent positions? Many people believe that women are intellectually inferior, and/or lack the desire to reach the top. However, these individuals are misguided in their belief about the professional and interpersonal strengths that most women possess. The disproportionate number of women in prominent positions is a result of a historical tradition of gender socialization that facilitates prejudicial practices within the work environment. Gender socialization is the process of learning gender roles and expectations. It is what determines which†¦show more content†¦As a result, women speak more tentatively, apologize more, and interrupt less than men. Ultimately, this leaves the impression that men are more confident and capable, and therefore, better leaders (Lakoff, 1975). This impr ession, coupled with the perception of aggression as a predominantly masculine trait, can lead to unwelcoming work environments in which women may experience double standards, bias in assessments, as well as harassment. For instance, many women experience co-workers telling inappropriate jokes and making sexually oriented remarks toward them. One woman recounts, â€Å"it happened so often that I stopped telling [my boss] about it† (Angyal, 2015). In this way gender socialization may prevent women from obtaining high level positions or cause them to miss out on opportunities to advance in their careers. Women have to maneuver through many obstacles -- some more apparent than others -- in order to climb up the corporate ladder. Every day women fall prey to vertical segregation (also known as â€Å"the glass ceiling†), which refers to a barrier that keeps women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder. Eventually, these obstacles create a reality in which it is rare to see a woman ascend to upper level positions. For example, women become teachers and principles, while men are superintendents. This creates aShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Socialization1676 Words   |  7 PagesSocialization is defined as the â€Å"process by which individuals acquire thoughts, feelings, and behaviors â€Å"appropriate† to their positions in society,† (Rohall 149). Individuals experience socialization beginning the day they are born, and throughout most of their lives. It can occur through everyday observation and interaction at every stage of development, or it can occur more formally though education and mentors. Socialization is important to how individuals interact in society and it also playsRead MoreGender Socialization And Gender Roles999 Words   |  4 PagesEarly gender socialization is perhaps one of the most relevant issues and debates of early childhood. 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However, gender socialization and stereotypes prevented American women from being able to prove of being equal to men if not better. It was natural that masculine power and domination established itself in these new forms of society. Men are physically and psychologicallyRead MoreFacts About Eating Disorders And Gender Socialization846 Words   |  4 PagesFacts About Eating Disorders †¢ What is socialization? Socialization is a process in which we learn and internalize attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms of our culture and develop a sense of self. †¢ Gender Roles Gender Roles are complex clusters of ways males and females are expected to behave †¢ Gender roles Socialization Gender socialization is a process of learning social expectations and attitudes associated with one s sex. 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In terms of sexuality both males and females are more similar than society deems them. It begins with parents; they have a great impact on how their daughters view sex and their own sexuality. Also female sexuality is considered taboo when they become mothers. There is a never ending battle of hypocrisy that women face when it comes to sexuality. These problems are influenced by gender roles, socialization, and even

Library management system based on finger print and rfid - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5981 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Chapter 1:Introduction Library management system includes areas such as issuing and returning of books, classification of materials, and students console using various techniques. The two main features of this system include theft detection of unissued books and automatic system for issuing and returning of books for its members. The theft detection model that we have designed though as yet merely for demonstrational purposes can be extremely beneficial if implemented properly as a professional library system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Library management system based on finger print and rfid" essay for you Create order The efficient use of technology can greatly enhance the library environment and thus prove a technological milestone in the sector. The key component which plays an important role in this syetem is the Radio-frequency identification(RFID) technology. This technology establishes communication by using radio waves in order to exchange the data between a reader and an electronic tag which is attached to an object(a book), for the purpose of identification. The goal of this thesis is to find out whether RFID technology offers any significant benefit for library management and that how does these benefits reflect to the customer satisfaction. RFID technology had its first commercial applications introduced in the late 1980s. Since then technologies have advanced in different fields causing the cost of RFID tags and readers to go decrease, thus making it easily available to a broader market. For example, as RFID tags have become cheaper, libraries have started adopting this technology, thu s ensuring a secure library system. The hardware part in this library management system is comprised of interrogators (also known as RFID readers), RFID tags (also known as labels), the fingerprint module and an alarm. The interrogators or the RFID readers operating on 125KHz are used to read the tag number of the books when brought near to it in order to process its identification number and check for its status. The tags are the devices, small in size, less in thickness, attached to the books having a unique identification number each in order to distinguish between the books. These when placed near the reader sends its identification number to it for further processing. The fingerprint module is used for the student console. The student can login his account for status updates using fingerprint recognition system. The alarm is used in case if an unissued book is sensed by the RFID reader in the exit zone. The software part is composed of the database systems and an interfacing tool for database components. The students details are listed in database systems. These are automatically accessed when the student uses the student console feature. The forms of students are created in the visual studio and this tool is also used to compare the database components with the incoming string in order to update the status of the student. An RFID reader transfers energy to the RFID tag by emitting electromagnetic waves through the air. The tag uses this RF energy to charge up and then emit or send its code to the RFID reader. The reader receives tags response and sends to a host computer or any other external device for further processing. In practical applications of using RFID technology, a tag is attached to a book used to identify the target, when it passes through the area which the reader can read, the RFID tag and its reader builds up the radio signal connections, the tag sends its information to the reader, such as unique code and other data stored on, the reader receives those information and decodes them, and then sends to a host computer so as to complete the whole information processing. The whole management system can be divided into two units namely the main unit and the anti theft unit. There is a wireless connection between these two units. The student can login his account by using the fingerprint rec ognition system. Then he can place the particular book in the area near the RFID reader in order to issue in or return from his account. When passing through the anti theft unit in the exit zone, an RFID reader placed in this zone will read the code of this book and send wirelessly to the main unit, to the PC. There the status of the book will be checked and again sent back to the anti theft unit. If it sends TRUE, the anti theft will let the book go safe and sound. If it sends FALSE, alarm will ring and thus theft will be detected. Chapter 2: literature review 2.1 History of RFID A scientist, Lon Theremin invented an espionage tool for Soviet Union which transmitted radio waves with audio information in 1948. The device was a passive covert listening object, not an identification tag, and it attributed as a predecessor to RFID technology. The RFID technology has been in use from 1921 according to one source (although same source states that the RFID systems have been around since the late 1950s). Mario Cardulistos in 1971 was the first inventor of modern RFID; it was a passive radio tag with memory. Initially, it was a passive device, powered by the interrogating signal, and it was demonstrated in 1974 to the New York Port Authority and other potential users. It was consisted of a transponder with 16 bit memory for use as a toll device. The basic Cardullo patent covers the use of RF, sound and light as transmission medium. The original business plan presented to investors in 1969 showed uses in transportation (automotive vehicle identification, automatic toll system, electronic license plate, electronic manifest, vehicle routing, vehicle performance monitoring), banking (electronic check book, electronic credit card), security (personnel identification, automatic gates) 2.2 Background RFID systems has established in a wide range of markets including tagging, stock identification and automated vehicle identification (AVI) systems because of its ability to track moving objects. 2.2.1 RFID TAGS The RFID tags are also known as transponders. RFID tags can come in many forms, shapes and different sizes. Some are used which are less than 0.05mm, which were used to study the behaviour of ants. Data is stored in the tag IC which is transmitted through the antenna to an RFID reader. There are two commonly used RFID Transponders: Active (that has an internal power source) and Passive (that do not have an internal power source, but are externally powered from the RFID reader). 2.2.2 RFID READER A reader (also sometimes called an RFID interrogator) is basically a radio frequency (RF) transciever, which is being controlled by a microprocessor or digital signal processor. The reader antenna captures data from tags then passes the data to a computer or external source for processing. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag integrated circuit (which is a silicon chip) and then the data is sent to the host computer for further processing. 2.2.3 WORKING OF RFID Information is sent to and received from the RFID tags by a reader using radio waves. In systems which are passive, are the most common, an RFID reader transmits an energy field thatenergizes the tag and induces the power into the tag to respond to the reader. The data collected from tags is then passed through communication interfaces (cable or wireless) to host computer systems in the same manner as data scanned from bar code stickers is captured and passed to a PC for processing, storage, and action. 2.2.4 FREQUENCIES OF RFID RFID deployments tend to use unlicensed frequencies for their obvious cost benefits. There are four commonly used frequencies: The commonly used frequencies are: v Low frequency (125/134.2 KHz) v High frequency (13.56 MHz) v Ultra high frequency ( 869 and 915 MHz) v Microwave (2450 MHz) It is important to remember that maximum range is not required in all the applications. Tags in the LF/HF band have a range of 2.25 to 46 cm approximately, while passive UHF tags can reach up to 6.3 meters, and microwave tags can reach 0.5 to 1.9 meters. The range of the tag greatly depends on the surface on which the tag is mounted. 2.3 FUTURE OF RFID RFID is known by many in the industry to be the leading technology for automatic identification and collection of data. The biggest, as of yet unproven, benefit would ultimately be in the supply chain of goods of the customers where an RFID tag attached to a consumers product could be tracked from manufacturing to the retail store right to the consumers house. 2.4 APPLICATIONS 2.4.1 Electronic Vehicle Registration In many countries of the world, security of vehicles is a major concern, Government uses the RFID system for Vehicle Registration. With implementing RFID systems, we can detect stolen cars and it is helpful in their retrieval also. 2.4.2 Payment by mobile phones Two credit card companies are working with Dallals since 2009, Texas-based Device Fidelity to develop specialized micro cards. When these cards are inserted into the mobile phones, the mobile phone directly connects with the bank account and we can use it as credit card. 2.4.3 Transportation payments For traffic management, government use RFID applications. Automotive companies also use various RFID tracking solutions for product management. 2.4.4 Product tracking RFID is also used in product tracking application, begins with plant-based production processes, and then extends into post sales configuration management for large buyers. 2.4.5Animal identification One of the oldest uses of RFID technology is animal tagging. Originally meant for large ranches and rough terrain, since mad-cow disease, RFID has become crucial in animal identification management. 2.4.6 Museums RFID technologies are implemented for the user also in museums. An example was the custom-designed temporary research application, eXspot, at the Exploratorium, a science museum in San Francisco, California. 2.4.7Race timings RFID can also be used in racing. Till 1990 it is used in animal racing. First time it is implemented in pigeons racing. It is used for registering race start and end timings for animals or individuals in large running races or multi-sport races where it is impossible to get accurate stopwatch readings for every entrant. 2.5 Problems and concerns 2.5.1 Data flooding Each tag generating a message each time when passing a reader may be a desired outcome. However, event filtering is required to reduce this data inflow to a meaningful depiction of moving goods passing a threshold. Various concepts have been designed, mainly offered as middleware performing the filtering from noisy and redundant raw data to significant processed data. 2.5.2 Global standardization Frequencies are using for RFID in the USA currently incompatible with those of Europe or Japan. Furthermore, no standard has yet become as universal as the barcode. To address international trade concerns, it is necessary to utilize a tag that is operational within all of the international frequency domains. 2.5.3 Security concerns A primary RFID security concern is the illicit tracking of RFID tags. Tags, which are world-readable, pose a risk to both personal location privacy and corporate/military security. Such concerns have been raised with respect to the United States Department of Defenses recent adoption of RFID tags for supply chain management. More generally, privacy organizations have expressed concerns in the context of ongoing efforts to embed electronic product code (EPC) RFID tags in consumer products. 2.5.4 Temperature exposure Currently, RFID tags are glued with an integrated circuit (IC) to an inlay. Vibration and high temperatures can break the connection. If the IC connection break with the inlay, the RFID tag will not transmit 2.6 FINGERPRINT AUTHENTICATION Fingerprint authentication refers to automated method of verifying a match between two fingerprints. Fingerprint is one of the many forms of the biometrics used to identify an individual as well as verify their identity. Each individual has a unique pattern in his fingerprints. There are some unique points in known as minutia points in the fingerprints of the individuals. The number of these points, their location, distance from each other, vary from person to person. Every individual has these characteristics different. 2.6.1 Why fingerprint? In the IT world the end-users use fingerprint authentication due to some reasons, i.e. security, and there is the reason that is why they establish, but it is very expensive to maintain. Other authentication mechanisms like smart cards, tokens, etc. require you to carry something. This is far better than a password, also easies to lose. Losing your credit card or driving license is worse. Information is valuable and harder to track than money. Fingerprints also acts as a simple, trusted and convenient user interface to a well thought security plan. A user authenticated via fingerprints can take advantage of a solid security system minimal education. Chapter 3: Requirements Specification 3.1 Non-functional Requirements ID Priority Details NR-02-001 1 Delivery: The system development process and deliverable documents shall conform to the process and deliverables defined in the document CIIT-CE-02H Degree Project Students Handbook. NR-02-002 1 Standard: The standard of the final product shall be of undergraduate level or above. 3.2 External requirements ID Priority Details NR-03-001 3 Security: This is a degree project having no strict security requirements. NR-03-002 1 Ethical: The application will not use any type of un-ethical electronic material while project development and execution. NR-03-003 1 Legislative: The application shall not use any private or confidential data, or network information that may infringe copyrights and/or confidentiality of any personnel not directly involved in this product. NR-03-004 3 Safety: the application is safe and not harmful in any case. 3.3 Functional Requirements 3.3.1 Category 1 Following requirements should be met under given priorities: ID Priority Details FR-01-001 1 PIC18F452 FR-01-002 1 MAX232 FR-01-003 2 NRF905 RF TRANSCEIVER FR-01-004 2 ID20 RFID READER MODULE FR-01-005 2 SM630 FINGERPRINT MODULE 3.3.2 Category 2 ID Priority Details FR-02-001 1 VISUAL STUDIO FR-02-002 1 MYSQL DATABASE APPLICATION FR-02-003 1 PROTEUS 7.6 FR-02-004 2 CCS COMPILER FOR PIC FR-02-005 1 PC EXPRESS FR-02-006 1 CIRCUIT MAKER 2000 FR-02-007 1 EASY PCB 3.3.3 Category 3 ID Priority Details FR-03-001 2 LM7805 REGULATOR IC FR-03-002 2 LM7833 REGULATOR IC FR-03-003 1 7 VOLTS POWER SUPPLY FR-03-004 1 BRIDGE RECTIFIERS Chapter 4: Project Design 4.1 Architecture Overview The design of the intended product is explained graphically with the help of a block diagram shown in figure below. The diagram explains the overall interactions of the modules and their placements. 4.2 Required Components Microcontroller PIC18F452 RF transceiver nRF905 Fingerprint module SM630 RFID reader module ID20 RS232 Driver IC MAX232 4.3 MICROCONTROLLER PIC18F452 4.3.1 Description PIC18F452 is the member of PIC18F family. It is a low power, high performance flash 8-bit microcontroller with 32 Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (EEPROM). This device is compatible with the industry standard PIC18Fxxx instruction set and pin outs. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be quickly reprogrammed using a non-volatile memory programmer and in circuit serial programmer (ICSP). The 18F452 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. The 8951 provides the following features. 4.3.2 Pin layout 4.3.3 Features and specifications Program memory type flash v Program memory 32 KB v CPU speed 10 MIPS v Data EEPROM 256 bytes v RAM 1536 bytes v Digital communication peripherals 1-A/E/USART, 1-MSSP(SPI/I2C) v Ports A, B, C, D E v I/O pins 32 This microcontroller is more suitable for our project as it has more memory and instruction speed, as required by our system, than 16Fxxx family or ATMEL. The protocols used for digital communication are sort of built-in in this microcontroller. Moreover it is more reliable and efficient than others. 4.4 RF transceiver nRF905 4.4.1 Description The nRF905 is a radio transceiver for the 433/ 868/ 915 MHz ISM band on a single chip. This transceiver consists of fully integrated frequency synthesizer, receiver chain with demodulator, a modulator, a crystal oscillator and a power amplifier. Current consumption is very low, it transmits only 9mA at an output power of -10dBm, and in receive mode 12.5mA. Built-in power down modes makes power saving easily realizable. Its pin configuration is as follows: 1 VCC 2 TRX_CE 3 CPCLK 4 AM 5 MISO 6 SCK 7 GND 8 TXEN 9 PWR 10 CD 11 DR 12 MOSI 13 CSN 14 GND 4.4.2 Features Data rate 50 kbps v Operating frequency 433 MHz ISM band v Modulation technique GFSK v SPI interface v Power supply range 1.9 to 3.6 V v Channels 11 with v Channel switching time 650s Figure 3 This transceiver was used because it has high data rate, long distance and low voltage consumption. Also it has some addition features like address matching, carrier detection alert and high noise immunity. 4.5 Fingerprint Module SM630 SM630 integrated fingerprint identification module is the release of Miaxis Biometrics Company. It consists of optical fingerprint sensor, a high performance DSP processor and a Flash. It boasts of functions such as fingerprint enrolment, fingerprint verification, fingerprint deletion, fingerprint download, fingerprint upload, etc. It has four pins connections: 1 Power supply + 2 Module TX 3 Module RX 4 GND 4.5.1 Features High Adaptation to Fingerprints v Easy to Use and Expand v Low Power Consumption v Integrated Design v Operating Voltage: 4.3V6V v Fingerprint Template: 768 templates v User Flash Memory: 64KByte v Interface Protocol: Standard serial interface TTL level v Communication Baud Rate: 57600bps Figure 4 It was used as it is easy to interface with the microcontroller and reduces image processing coding. It gives out serial TTL output which is easy to process. It can be easily controlled by the commands to get the desired output. Adding, deleting, searching and matching commands are easy to implement in this module. 4.6 RFID reader module ID20 This RFID reader module is very simple to use. It has a built in antenna, the only holdup is the 2mm pin spacing (breakout board available below). Power the module, hold up a card, and get a serial string output containing the unique ID of the card. It uses weigand26 protocol. 4.6.1 Pin description Its pin description is as follows: 1 GND 2 VCC 3 To external antenna and tuning capacitor 4 To external antenna 5 Card present 6 Future 7 Format Selector (+/-) 8 Data 1 9 Data 0 10 3.1 KHz logic 11 DC Voltage Supply 4.6.2 Features 5V supply v 125kHz read frequency v EM4001 64-bit RFID tag compatible v 9600bps TTL and RS232 output v Magnetic stripe emulation output v Read range of 16+ cm 4.7 RS232 Driver IC MAX232 4.7.1 Description MAX232 is an integrated circuit. It converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. It is a dual driver or receiver and it converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals typically. This provide at output 7.5 from 5v supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0V to +5V range, as power supply design does not need to be made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case. 1 C1+ + connector for capacitor C1 2 V+ output of voltage pump 3 C1- connector for capacitor C1 4 C2+ + connector for capacitor C2 5 C2- connector for capacitor C2 6 V- output of voltage pump / inverter 7 T2out Driver 2 output 8 R2in Receiver 2 input 9 R2out Receiver 2 output 10 T2in Driver 2 input 11 T1in Driver 1 input 12 R1out Receiver 1 output 13 R1in Receiver 1 input 14 T1out Driver 1 output 15 GND Ground 16 VCC Power supply The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as 25V), to standard 5V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3V, and a typical hysteresis of 0.5V. Chapter 5: Implementation 5.1 Designing the RFID reader module We started our project with designing the RFID reader/writer module. The standard we followed was ISO15693 used in library for theft detection of unissued books. The standard frequency used in it was 13.56 MHz. The PCB layout was designed. The IC used in this reader was TRF7960. Its dimension was 4.854.85 mm. The PCB design of the reader was not accurate and of high quality as required. Later on, we came to know that SMD components were required when working with high frequency. Then SMD components were used to design the reader. Its PCB is shown in the figure below: 5.1.1 Problems in the design of the reader The main obstacle we faced in the designing of this RFID reader was that its PCB design required tinning process as the IC consisted of 32 SMD pins, each separated 0.5 mm apart. The size of the TRF7960 IC was very small thus requiring a very accurate PCB. This would require 2-3 months and the time we had was short for this. Thus we switched to ID20 RFID module. This was quiet simple to use and easily available in the market. 5.1.2 Antenna design of TRX7960 The loop antenna used in the previous reader was designed and printed on PCB. Its parameters were found using the formulas and equations of loop antenna. Its parameters were as follows: v Frequency = 13.56 MHz v Impedance = 50 Ohms v Antenna size = 0.027wavelength v Wavelength = 22.123894 m v Quality Factor = 6.75 v Track spacing=0.0508 cm v Track width= 0.127cm v L = 1.2608 H This loop antenna is required to match with the 50 Ohm and has to be tuned to radiate with a high Q value. Therefore a matching and resonator circuit is used which is composed of a series capacitor, parallel capacitor and a parallel resistor. The capacitances are used to match the inductive load as well as to build a resonator. The resistor is used to decrease the Q-value of the resonant circuit for a better design of antenna. 5.2 Implementation with the RFID module ID20 Due to the obstacles faced in implementing the design of the reader, the RFID reader module was used which gives out serial output. It has a built-in antenna as well as reasonable range. It is placed in the main unit and directly interfaced with the microcontroller. The fingerprint module SM630 and the RF transceiver nRF905 are also connected with the microcontroller. The former has the serial TTL serial input/output while the later has SPI interface. The RS232 is used to connect the main unit with the PC. The database application is installed in the PC which has a record of the student details. For the detection of unissued books, an anti-theft unit is designed in which the RF transceiver is connected with the microcontroller. The RFID reader module is also connected in this unit. 5.3 Working of the system 5.3.1 Main unit There are 5 external buttons attached with the main circuit board. Four of them execute fingerprint module commands and two for the RFID reader. The fingerprint command buttons include Add button for adding new fingerprint, Delete button for deleting the fingerprint, Delete all button for deleting all fingerprint database and a Match button for matching the fingerprint. The function of the one button of the RFID reader is to issue and return the book from the students account. The main unit is operating on 3.3V and 5V. The RF transceiver and the microcontroller are operating on 3.3V. The MAX232, fingerprint module and RFID reader are operating on 5V. The LF33CV regulator IC is used to maintain 3.3V. For 5V, LM7805 is used in the power supply circuit board. Pin number 1 is pulled up by using 1Kohm resistor and also pulled down using 0.1uF capacitor. Pin number 11 and 32 are connected to VCC and pin number 12 and 31 to the ground. The crystal oscillator IC of frequency 20MHz is connect ed with the pin number 13 of the microcontroller. It generates clock pulses for executing the microcontroller instructions. Thus 5MHz is the operating frequency of the microcontroller. The external buttons for executing fingerprint and RFID functions are connected to port D, with pins from 19, 20, 21, 22 and 27. These buttons are pulled down by using 10kohm SIP. SIP is an integrated circuit consisting of resistors on a single chip having one point common. This common point decides the functionality of the SIP. If this point is connected with the VCC, it acts as pull up and vice versa. 5.3.2 Antitheft Unit This unit consists of a microcontroller (PIC18F452), RFID reader (ID-20), RF Transceiver (nRF 905) and some other same components. If any book will pass through this unit RFID will read its ID and send to microcontroller. The microcontroller will send this id to main unit via RF transceiver for further process. RF transceiver keeps on transmitting until it receives acknowledgment from the main unit that correct data is received. The antitheft unit is operating on 3.3V and 5V. The RF transceiver and the microcontroller are operating on 3.3V. The RFID reader is operating on 5V. The LF33CV regulator IC is used to maintain 3.3V. For 5V, LM7805 is used in the power supply circuit board. Pin number 1 is pulled up by using 1Kohm resistor and also pulled down using 0.1uF capacitor. Pin number 11 and 32 are connected to VCC and pin number 12 and 31 to the ground. 5.4 working of Fingerprint Module The fingerprint module contains four pins connection which are VCC, TX, RX and GND. As PIC 18f452 has only one built-in serial port. CCS C compiler has feature to create software serial ports. So PORT E( E0 , E1) made software serial port for Finger Print Module. TX pin of Finger Print module is pulled up with 10kohm resistor and connected to the PIN_E0 (RX) of PIC 18F452 and RX pin of finger print module is connected to PIN_E1 (TX) of PIC18F452. Syntax for creating software serial port: #use rs232(baud=57600, xmit=PIN_E1, rcv=PIN_E0, parity=N, bits=8, stream=ts) 5.4.1 Steps to add new finger print Syntax: 0x4D + 0x58 + 0x10 + 0x03 +0x40 + high byte of the to be added fingerprint ID + low byte of the to be added fingerprint ID + Check Sum. Response from Fingerprint module: If operation successful: 0x4D + 0x58 + 0x30 + 0x02 + 0x40 + 0x31 + 0x48 If error occurred: 0x4D + 0x58 + 0x30 + 0x02 + 0x40 + 0x34 + 0x4B Flow chart of adding new fingerprint: 5.4.2 Steps to search Fingerprint Syntax0x4D + 0x58 + 0x10 + 0x05 + 0x44 + search high bytes of starting Fingerprint ID + search low bytes of low bytes + high bytes of the number of fingerprints searched + low bytes of the number of fingerprints searched + Check Sum. Response from Finger module: If fingerprint matched:0x4D + 0x58 + 0x30 + 0x04 + 0x44+ 0x39 + high bytes of ID for the found fingerprint + low bytes of ID for the found fingerprint + check sum If fingerprint not matched:0x4D + 0x58 + 0x30 + 0x02 + 0x44 + 0x3A + 0x55 Flow chart for search fingerprint 5.4.3 Steps to format finger print database Syntax0x4D + 0x58 + 0x10 + 0x01 + 0x46 + 0xFC Response from Fingerprint module: If operation successful: 0x4D + 0x58 + 0x30 + 0x02 + 0x46 + 0x31 + 0x4E Flow chart for Formatting Fingerprint Database: 5.4.4 Steps toDelete fingerprint Syntax: 0x4D + 0x58 + 0x10 + 0x03 + 0x42 + high bytes of the to-be-deleted fingerprint ID + low bytes of the to-be-deleted fingerprint ID Response from Fingerprint module: If operation successful: 0x4D + 0x58 + 0x30 + 0x02 + 0x42 + 0x31 + 0x4A If error occurred: 0x4D + 0x58 + 0x30 + 0x02 + 0x42 + 0x35 + 0x4E Flow chart for deleting fingerprint: 5.5 Working of RF transceivers The RF transceiver used in the system had 14 pins, 2 of ground and 1 VCC. We use built-in SPI interface for transceiver module. SCK pin of RF transceiver is connected with SCK pin of microcontroller. SDI and SDO pins of RF transceiver are connected with SDO and SDI pins of microcontroller, respectively. DR pin of RF transceiver is connected to INT0 pin of microcontroller. TRX_CE, TXEN, PWR, AM, CD and CSN pins of RF transceiver are connected to RA0, RA1, RA2, RA3, RA5 and RC1 respectively. 5.5.1 Steps to Transmit Data: When the microcontroller has data for a transmitting, the address of the receiving node (TX-address) and payload data (TX-payload) are clocked into RF transceiver through the SPI interface. Microcontroller sets TRX_CE pin and TX_EN pin=1 (high), this activates RF transceiver for transmission. Radio is automatically powered up (PWR pin=1). Data packet is completed (CRC calculated, preamble added). Data packet is transmitted (50kbps, GFSK, Manchester-encoded). When data packet transmission is completed it sets Data Ready (DR) pin=1(high). If AUTO_RETRAN pin=1(high), the RF transceiver continuously retransmits the packet until it sets TRX_CE pin=0 (low). When RF transceiver sets TRX_CE pin=0 (low), it finishes transmitting the outgoing data packet and then it sets into standby mode (Sleep mode). Flow chart for transmitting Data through RF transceivers: 5.5.2 Steps to Receive Data 1) Receiving mode is selected by setting TRX_CE=1 (high) and TX_EN=0 (low). 2) After 650s RF Transceiver starts monitoring the air for incoming communication. 3) When the RF Transceiver receive a carrier at the receiving frequency 434 MHz, it sets Carrier Detect (CD) pin=1 (high). 4) When an address matches, it sets Address Match (AM) pin=1 (high). 5) When a valid packet has been received (correct CRC found), RF Transceiver removes the preamble, address and CRC bits from the data packet and sets the Data Ready (DR) pin=1 (high). 6) Microcontroller receives payload data from RF transceivers by SPI interface. 7) Microcontroller sets the TRX_CE pin=0 (low) to enter standby mode. 8) When all payload data is retrieved, RF transceiver sets Data Ready (DR) pin and Address Match (AM) pin = 0 (low) again. Flow chart for receiving data: 5.6 RFID Reader The RFID reader has 4 pins. VCC, TX, RESET, GND. PORT B (B7, B3) made software serial port for RFID reader. TX pin of RFID reader is connected to the PIN_B7 (RX) of PIC 18F452 and RESET pin of RFID reader is connected to PIN_B6 of PIC18F452. Syntax for creating software serial port: #use rs232(baud=9600, xmit=PIN_B3, rcv=PIN_B7, parity=N, bits=8, stream=RFID) RFID reader automatically detects RFID tag and sends its ID to microcontroller for further processing. Microcontroller reset RFID reader after receiving ID from it. Flow chart of RFID reader working: 5.7 Compiler used for microcontroller Microcontroller compiler used is CCS C compiler for PIC. This was used due to professional reasons. It provides a complete integrated tool suite for the debugging and developing embedded system running on Microchip PIC. The heart of this development tools suite is the CCS intelligent code utilizing C compiler which frees designers in order to concentrate on the design functionality instead of need to become an MCU architecture expert. 5.8Software implementation The student form is created in the visual studio tool. Various information is saved in it as per required for a student console. These forms are linked to the database contents. The student form is shown below: Figure 17 This is the form for saving the student record in the database. One the student record has been saved, every time the student places his finger or thumb on the fingerprint reader, its thumb string is compared in the database. Through an automatic system coded in the visual studio tool, the form which appears on the screen of the student login is as follows: Figure 18 In this form, the student information field is read only and cannot be edited. The book record field has the student library status, which has a checkbox for issued or non-issued status. 5.9Database system The data base structure is simple and consists of some details as under: CREATE DATABASE `LibrarySystem`; Table Name: CREATE TABLE student( `txt_name` VARCHAR( 30 ) NOT NULL , `txt_id` VARCHAR( 30 ) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `txt_address` VARCHAR( 60 ) NOT NULL , `txt_library_status` VARCHAR( 20 ) NOT NULL , txt_finger_print` VARCHAR( 60 ) NOT NULL, txt_book_name` VARCHAR( 40 ) NOT NULL txt_book_name` VARCHAR( 60 ) NOT NULL, ) ; Chapter 6: Evaluation We have focused on thorough testing through-out the design and implementation phase. Starting from the theoretical design and ending at the practical implementation. In this procedure there were a lot of hurdles especially regarding the PCB design of the reader. The TRX7960 IC which was being used in the design of the reader was not available in Pakistan. It was imported from china which took a long time and thus shortening our time for the design of the reader. The tinning process required for the PCB design of the reader was quiet expensive and required much time. Thus we switched to the RFID module as it was much compatible with our system and easy to use. The wireless communication between the two units i.e. main and anti-theft unit was our first task successfully completed. Then the register calling of fingerprint module and setting its commands, and finally the code for the RFID module was accomplished. The design of the software side which consisted of the database, the studen ts form, and the interface between the data from the serial port and the database components was quiet an easy task. It was accomplished within few days. Although hundred percent of our system design was not accomplished, hurdles such as non availability of the reader IC in Pakistan and 2-3 months required for the accurate PCB design of the reader circuit, still there was much to learn and acquire. At the end, it is not about the hundred percent success that one gets, its about how much one has learnt from his failure. 6.1 Function Testing Before and after integrating the system, testing was done and the results were as follows: Testing Requirements PIC 18F452 and DC supply Requirement Tested CYCLE 1 CYCLE 2 FINAL STATUS DETAILS FR-03-001 Failed Ok Ok Regulator IC FR-03-002 Ok Ok Ok MAX232 IC FR-03-003 Ok Ok Ok SIP FR-03-004 failed Ok Ok Crystal oscillator FR-01-001 FR-01-002 Failed Failed Ok Serial communication Failed(dead) Failed(dead) Ok transceiver FR-01-005 Ok Ok Ok Fingerprint module 6.2 Results After thorough testing of the components, these were integrated together and the overall system faced failure more than four times. After recovering all the unexpected errors in the system, it started generating correct outputs. Then it was interfaced with the PC through serial communication which also faced much error. Finally all the data was sent to the PC and processed using visual basic and compared with the database components. Chapter 7: Conclusion and Future work 7.1 Conclusion The objective of our project Library Management System Based On Finger Prints And RFID was to design a system based on RFID technology that not only enhances the library security but also covers the idea of library automation. The final design of the project accomplished the idea of multinode environment and it is responsible for issuing books and the security of books through anti theft unit. This design also deals with the issues (reliable data transfer) of multinode environment. This project facilitates the users in numerous ways like time saving in issuing books, security, library management, categorizing and many more. 7.2 Future work Based on the ways in which some businesses are currently using radio frequency identification, people use to say that the world will be very different once readers and RFID tags are everywhere. In an RFID-enhanced future, the benefits would accrue not just to businesses, but also to consumers. Some benefits of RFID to the customers may include: Easy item returns: You might be able to return RFID-tagged items of apparel without a store receipt. The unique identifier in the tag would reference a database record with the time of purchase and the original price and even credit card information, if desired. Smart appliances: Your washing machine could choose its cycle setting based on tag information in the items to be washed. Your smart refrigerator could take inventory automatically, alerting you to expired or recalled foodstuffs, creating shopping lists automatically, and even searching the Internet to find recipes you can prepare with the items in the refrigerator. Your closet could alert you to what clothing it contains and what is out for cleaning and search the Internet for fashion advice Personalization: You might carry an RFID tag that stores (or references) personalization data. When you walk up to a clothing rack in a shop, LEDs might flash on the hangers with items in your size and preferred colours. Easy shopping: You could purchase or rent items by simply walking out of a shop with them. The RFID payment device in your pocket and the RFID tags in the items you carry would allow payment to be made automatically. RFID is said by many in the industry to be the frontrunner technology for automatic identification and data collection. The efficient use of this technology can greatly enhance the library environment and thus prove a technological milestone in the sector.

The Hunters Moonsong Chapter Eighteen Free Essays

string(52) " affects this campus does not seem to discriminate\." The next morning, Elena woke to find Damon gone, his blanket folded neatly at the foot of her bed. Meredith was dressing for a morning workout, sleepy-eyed and silent, and she only nodded as Elena passed her; Elena had learned long ago that Meredith was useless for conversation before she’d had her first cup of coffee. Bonnie, who didn’t have class until that afternoon, was only a lump under her covers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Eighteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Surely Meredith would have said something if she had noticed Damon on the floor, Elena thought as she dropped in at the cafeteria to grab a muffin before class. Maybe Damon hadn’t stayed. Elena bit her lip, thinking about that, kicking little stones on her way to class. She had thought he would stay, that he would want to try and keep her safe. Was it right that she liked that and that she felt more than a twinge of hurt at the idea that he had left? She didn’t want Damon to be in love with her, did she? Wasn’t part of the reason she put her romance with Stefan on hold so that she and Damon could get each other out of their systems? But†¦ I am a lousy person, she realized. Musing on her own lousiness took Elena al the way into her History of the South class, where she was doodling sadly in her notebook when Professor Campbel – James – came in. Clearing his throat loudly, he walked to the front of the class, and Elena reluctantly pul ed her attention away from her own problems to pay attention to him. James looked different. Unsure of himself, Elena realized. His eyes didn’t seem quite as bright as usual, and he appeared to be somehow smal er. â€Å"There’s been another disappearance,† he said quietly. An anxious babble rose up from the rest of the class, and he held up his hand. â€Å"The victim this time – and I think we can say at this point that we’re talking about victims, not students simply leaving campus – is, unfortunately, a student in this class. Courtney Brooks is missing; she was last seen walking back to her dorm from a party last night.† Scanning the class, Elena tried to remember who Courtney Brooks was. A tal , quiet girl with caramel-colored hair, she thought, and spotted the girl’s empty seat. James raised his hand again to quel the rising clamor of frightened and excited voices. â€Å"Because of this,† he said slowly, â€Å"I think that today we must postpone continuing our discussion of the colonial period so that I can tel you a little bit about the history of Dalcrest Col ege.† He looked around at the confused faces of the class. â€Å"This is not, you see, the first time unusual things have happened on this campus.† Elena frowned and, looking at her classmates, saw her confusion mirrored on their faces. â€Å"Dalcrest, as many of you doubtlessly know, was founded in 1889 by Simon Dalcrest with the aim of educating the wealthy sons of the postwar Southern aristocracy. He said that he wanted Dalcrest to be considered the ‘Harvard of the South’ and that he and his family would be at the forefront of intel ectualism and academia in the soon-to-begin new century. This much is frequently featured in the official campus histories. â€Å"It’s less Wellknown that Simon’s hopes were dashed in 1895 when his wild twenty-year-old son, Wil iam Dalcrest, was found dead with three others in the tunnels underneath the school. It was what appeared to be a suicide pact. Certain materials and symbols found in the tunnels with the bodies suggested some ties to black magic. Two years later Simon’s wife, Julia Dalcrest, was brutal y murdered in what is now the administration building; the mystery surrounding her death was never solved.† Elena glanced around at her classmates. Had they known about this? The col ege brochures mentioned when the school was founded and by who, but nothing about suicides and murders. Tunnels underneath the school? â€Å"Julia Dalcrest is one of at least three distinct ghosts who are rumored to haunt the campus. The other ghosts are those of a seventeen-year-old girl who drowned, again under mysterious circumstances, when visiting for a weekend dance in 1929. She is said to wander wailing through the hal s of McClel an House, leaving dripping pools of water behind her. The third is a twenty-one-year-old boy who vanished in 1953 and whose body was found three years later in the library basement. His ghost has reportedly been seen coming in and out of offices in the library, running and looking backward in terror, as if he is being pursued. â€Å"There are also rumors of several other mysterious occurrences: a student in 1963 disappeared for four days and reappeared, saying he had been kidnapped by elves.† A nervous giggle ran through the class, and James waved a reproving finger at his audience. He seemed to be perking up, sWelling back to his usual self under the influence of the class’s attention. â€Å"The point is,† he said, â€Å"that Dalcrest is an unusual place. Beyond elves and ghosts, there has been a plethora of documented unusual occurrences, and rumors and legends of far more spring up around campus every year. Mysterious deaths. Secret societies. Tales of monsters.† He paused dramatical y and looked around at them. â€Å"I beg you, do not become part of the legend. Be smart, be safe, and stick together. Class dismissed.† The students glanced at one another uneasily, startled by this abrupt dismissal with stil more than half an hour left in the class. Regardless, they started to gather their possessions together and trickle out of the room in twos and threes. Elena grabbed her bag and hurried to the front of the room. â€Å"Professor,† she said. â€Å"James.† â€Å"Ah, Elena,† James said. â€Å"I hope you were paying attention today. It is important that you young girls be on your guard. The young men, too, real y. Whatever affects this campus does not seem to discriminate. You read "The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Eighteen" in category "Essay examples"† Up close, he looked pale and worried, older than he had at the beginning of the semester. â€Å"I was very interested in what you said about the history of Dalcrest,† Elena said. â€Å"But you didn’t talk about what’s happening now. What do you think is going on here?† Professor Campbel ‘s face creased into even grimmer lines, and his bright eyes gazed past her. â€Å"Well, my dear,† he said, â€Å"it’s hard to say. Yes, very hard.† He licked his lips nervously. â€Å"I’ve spent a lot of time at this school, you know, years and years. There’s not a lot I wouldn’t believe at this point. But I just don’t know,† he said softly, as if he was talking to himself. â€Å"There was something else I wanted to ask you,† Elena said, and he looked at her attentively. â€Å"I went to see the picture you told me about. The one of you and my parents when you were students here. You were al wearing the same pin in the picture. It was blue and in the shape of a V.† She was close enough to James that she felt his whole body jolt with surprise. His face lost its grim thoughtfulness and went blank. â€Å"Oh, yes?† he said. â€Å"I can’t imagine what it was, I’m afraid. Probably something Elizabeth made. She was always very creative. Now, my dear, I real y must run.† He slipped past Elena and made his escape, hurrying out of the classroom despite a few other students’ trying to stop him with questions. Elena watched him go, feeling her own eyebrows going up in surprise. James knew more than he was saying, that was for sure. If he wouldn’t tel her – and she wasn’t giving up on him just yet – she’d find out somewhere else. Those pins were significant, his reaction proved that. What kind of mystery could be tied to a pin? Had James said something about secret societies? â€Å"After my parents died,† Samantha told Meredith, â€Å"I went to live with my aunt. She came from a hunter family, too, but she didn’t know anything about it. She didn’t seem to want to know. I kept on doing martial arts and everything I could learn by myself, but I didn’t have anyone to train me.† Meredith shone her flashlight into the dark bushes over by the music building and waved the beam around. Nothing to see except plants. â€Å"You did a good job teaching yourself,† she told Samantha. â€Å"You’re smart and strong and careful. You just need to keep trusting your instincts.† It had been Samantha’s idea to patrol the campus together after sundown, to check out the places where the missing girl, Courtney, had been spotted last night, to see if they could find anything. Meredith had felt powerful at the beginning of the evening, poised to fight, with her sister hunter beside her. But now, even though it was interesting to patrol with Samantha, to see the hunter life through her eyes, it was starting to feel like they were just wandering around at random. â€Å"The police found her sweater somewhere over here,† Samantha said. â€Å"We should look around for clues.† â€Å"Okay.† Meredith restrained herself from saying that the police had already been through here with dogs, looking for clues themselves, and there was a good chance they had found anything there was to find. She scanned the flashlight over the grass and path. â€Å"Maybe we’d be better off doing this during the day, when we can see better.† â€Å"I guess you’re right,† Samantha said, flicking her own flashlight on and off. â€Å"It’s good that we’re out here at night, though, don’t you think? If we’re patrol ing, we can protect people. Keep things from getting out of control. We walked Bonnie home last night and kept her safe.† Meredith felt a flicker of anxiety. What if they hadn’t come along? Could Bonnie have been the one who disappeared, instead of Courtney? Samantha looked at Meredith, a little smile curling up the corners of her mouth. â€Å"It’s our destiny, right? What we were born for.† Meredith grinned back at her, forgetting her momentary anxiety. She loved Samantha’s enthusiasm for the hunt, her constant striving to get better, to fight the darkness. â€Å"Our destiny,† she agreed. Off across the quad, someone screamed. Snapping into action without even thinking about it, Meredith began running. Samantha was a few steps behind her, already struggling to keep up. She needs to work on her speed, cool y commented the part of Meredith that was always taking notes. The scream, shril and frightened, came again, a bit to the left. Meredith changed direction and sped toward it. Where? She was close now, but she couldn’t see anything. She scanned her flashlight over the ground, searching. There. On the ground nearby, two dark figures lay, one pinning the other to the ground. Everyone froze for a moment, and then Meredith was racing toward them, shouting â€Å"Stop it! Get off! Get off!† and a second later, the figure that had been pinning the other down was up and running into the darkness. Black hoodie, black jeans, the note taker said calmly. Can’t tell if it’s a guy or a girl. The person who’d been pinned was a girl, and she flinched and screamed as Meredith ran past her, but Meredith couldn’t stop. Samantha was behind her so she could help the girl. Meredith had to catch the fleeing figure. Her long strides ate up the ground, but she wasn’t fast enough. Even though she was going as fast as she could, the person in black was faster. There was a glimpse of paleness as the person looked back at her and then melted into the darkness. Meredith ran on, searching, but there was nothing to be found. Final y, she halted. Panting, trying to catch her breath, she swept the beam of the flashlight over the ground, looking for some clue. She couldn’t believe she had failed, that she had let the attacker get away. Nothing. No trace. They had gotten so close, and stil , al she knew was that the person who attacked this girl owned black clothes and was an insanely fast runner. Meredith swore and kicked at the ground, then pul ed herself back together. Approximating calmness, she headed back toward the victim. While Meredith was chasing the attacker, Samantha had helped the girl to her feet, and now the girl was huddled close to Samantha’s side, wiping her eyes with a tissue. Shaking her head at Meredith, Samantha said, â€Å"She didn’t see anything. She thinks it was a man, but she didn’t see his face.† Meredith clenched her fists. â€Å"Dammit. I didn’t see anything either. He was so fast†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice trailed off as a thought struck her. â€Å"What is it?† Samantha asked. â€Å"Nothing,† Meredith said. â€Å"He got away.† In her mind, she replayed that momentary glimpse of pale hair she had seen as the attacker looked back at her. That shade of pale – she had seen it somewhere very recently. She remembered Zander, his face turned toward Bonnie’s. His white-blond hair was that same unusual shade. It wasn’t enough to go on, not enough to tel anyone. A momentary impression of a color didn’t mean anything. Meredith pushed the thought away, but, as she gazed off into the darkness again, she wrapped her arms around herself, suddenly cold. How to cite The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Eighteen, Essay examples

Effective Time Management-Free-Sample for Students-Myassignment

Question: How New Employees Manage Time Management at Work. Answer: Effective time management is significant for the employees in an organisation to deliver desired results. It also directs new employees in the organisation to focus and facilitate the actions at work. Time management for the fresh talent in an organisation provides the rules, guidelines and strategies which help in managing the workload and in gaining skills to achieve the objectives. This also helps the employees in managing their expectations and in using the strengths and weaknesses which supports in meeting the deadlines. It also helps in setting up the schedule by avoiding the interruptions at work (Elsabahy, Sleem El Atroush, 2015). Time management for new employees helps in aligning the goals with the routine activities to derive maximum from the work done. Effective management of time is the key component for the success of the company. Managing time is not easy. It is a challenge for everyone at work. There are some tips which can improve time management in new employees and make easy for them to improve their time utilisation. Some of the strategies through which new employees can improve their time management at work are discussed below: Training plan for new employees: The employer can plan a training model for the new employees where they can be taught through a classroom training that how time should be utilised. The employees can improve their time management if proper time management training is given to them by the employer. It will help them in scheduling their tasks, activities and plans and it will ultimately help in meeting the expectations from the new employees (Odumeru, 2013). Provide clear directions: Clear directions should be provided to the employees at the time of joining. They should be made clear about the importance of delivery dates and deadlines. It should be ensures that the employees are clear about what is expected from them by the employer (Longe, 2015). Organising is fun: the new employees should be made comfortable and necessary equipments and support should be provided to them to encourage them to be on time and to understand the importance of time. Minimising the distractions: It is important for the employer to reduce distractions for the new employees so that they can focus on their work. It supports the new employees in showcasing their skills and abilities. The employees should also be advised to avoid using phones and other tools which blocks their time and affect their productivity (Adeojo, 2012). Communication: It is an essential element for time management. The employer should be in continuous communication with the new employees in order to avoid any hesitation and gaps. It will start putting the ideas and thoughts into actions and will help on scheduling their time which will contribute in completing the tasks on time (Elnaga Imran, 2013). New employees need help and support to understand their responsibilities. It makes them professional and efficient enough to take challenges. Time management is one such essential element which the new employees have to understand in order to contribute to the success of the organisation and to be more productive. References Adeojo, A. (2012). Effective time management for high performance in an organization Case: Lasaco Assurance PLC. Elnaga, A., Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), 137-147. Elsabahy, H. E., Sleem, W. F., El Atroush, H. G. (2015). Effect of Time Management Program on Job Satisfaction for Head Nurses.Journal of Education and Practice,6(32), 36-44. Longe, O. (2015). Impact of Workplace Conflict Management on Organizational Performance: A Case of Nigerian Manufacturing Firm.Journal of Management and Strategy,6(2), 83. Odumeru, J. A. (2013). Effective Time Management.Singaporean Journal of Business, Economics and Management Studies,2(1), 9-17.