The Impact of Hauora on a Maori Client

The Impact of Hauora on a Maori Client Analyse what effect each one of the following would have on the hauora of a Maori client. 1).Shame Shame is a feeling of guilty or embarrassed by any individual. In healthcare facilities if clients feel shame or embarrassment it will be hard for a Caregiver to provide proper treatment or care for the client. If client feels shame or embarrassed, it will create a significant barrier between a client and care providers and if this happens, care givers won't be able to figure out what a client is thinking or what problem he/she is having. For example; if a client is having some disease or problem which he/she is feeling ashamed of telling to a caregiver than it will affect his holistic well being because care providers won't be able to collect proper data and as a result the right and proper care will not be given to a client. So as a care provider we should encourage client to be open and share his thoughts and feeling. 2).Self Abasement A client who feels self abasement will start to feel that is he is not good enough compared to others and it can lead them to depression and they will withdrawal from social relationship. It will affect the entire Whanau mentally. This person will neglect communication and isolate him from everyone. Therefore the client will not look after himself by not taking medicines or he/she may start eating unhealthy food. 3).Withdrawal A person who withdraw themselves from social relationship mostly go into depression and isolate them from Whanau (family) or friends. If this happens, the care providers in healthcare facilities will not be able to provide right care for a client so social support is very important in this case. For example family should be support the client as well as caregiver to implement the proper treatment by gathering right data from the client. 4).Feeling Misunderstood Some clients may feel they are misunderstood and as a result they feel ashamed or embarrassed. They even sometimes withdraw themselves from others feeling that they are not good enough. As a result it will affect their health because they will hide their feeling and thoughts. So as a caregiver we should always respect other's culture and dignity. For example every healthcare facilities should have a Maori support worker to communicate with Maori client to gather more information and to protect their dignity. 1.2 From the following five(5) situation of whakama, select any four (4)and analyse the impact of each one within a hauora context. 1).One to one consultation with a health worker Some clients feel uncomfortable with one to one consultation with health worker. For some cases health worker need to ask personal and intimate questions to client to get accurate information about the client. A client may feel ashamed or embarrassed to answer personal question which can affect the health of a patient. In this case health worker will not get accurate data from the client to plan good care. For example, sometimes female client feel uncomfortable by the health worker when they are doing physical examination by touching. So health worker should first introduce themselves, ask permission before touching a client with Whanau and a client itself. 2).Group consultation with a health worker As some clients may be not comfortable with one to one consultation there are few clients who may feel uncomfortable with group consultation with health worker. Client may feel ashamed or embarrassed or may be depressed to enclose their personal information to people there are not very well aware of. For example, client feel embarrassed to share their health condition in front of family members because family members are not very supportive. So again health worker will not be able to find out enough information to plan proper health care for the client. to overcome this situation health worker should first ensure that is it fine with the client for group consultation. 3).One to one consultation with a health worker of a different gender Gender has a substantial impact on outcome as well as process level in health care. Most of the clients feel shy/embarrassed to share their personal information or diseases they may have with opposite gender.Some client and health worker naturally shy and fell uncomfortable when asking or answering questions with opposite gender. When a male health worker is doing a physical examination to a female client both parties may feel uncomfortable. It is important for health organization to train primary health worker how to break down barriers between themselves and client in gender differences to generate proper care for a client. 4).Group consultation with a health worker of a different gender During group consultation with a health worker of a different gender can be more embarrassment for a client. Client normally feel shy or feel uncomfortable to give information in a group consultation. Client may feel awkward or ashamed to enclose their personal information in a group or in front of family or friends. So again health worker will find it difficult to gather information regarding to health issues they have and it can create difficulties for health worker to give accurate care. 1.3 Identify and analyse two (2) adverse socia-cultural and two (2) socia-economic factors which could cause whakama and affect hauora outcomes for Maori. Adverse socia-cultural factor one For Maori health wellbeing there are four walls of strong house. First one is te taha wairua (spiritual wellbeing), second,te taha hinengaro (mental wellbeing),third, te taha tinana (physical wellbeing), and fourth, te taha whanau (family wellbeing). However some MÄ ori client may find difficulties to express their traditional values or spiritual aspect with people who are unware of their culture. Therefore, they may felt embarrassed to share their thoughts and feeling in front of them. Clients fear that may be misunderstood by others.A Maori client is considered unwell if any of these four foundations are weak. For Maori to be healthy all these foundations should be strong. Adverse socia-cultural factor two Maori so many traditional and spiritual values and food is one of them. Food plays major role in maori socia-cultural activities and it's not only determines physical health but also emotional, psychological and spiritual wellness. Clients who are at health care facilities may feel depressed, or might withdraw themselves because Maori clients believe that their traditional food is total wellness and happiness. As a result client may stop eating food in facilities which can affect their health. health workers should encourage family members and friends to bring traditional foods once a week to make them happy. Adverse socia-economic factor one Education is one of the socia-economic factor that can affect hauora outcomes for Maori client. Clients who does not receive proper education may feel inferior. They may also feel shy/embarrassed to share their feelings, and thought with people fearing been misunderstood. In this situation a client may mentally and emotionally disturbed which will directly affect the health. health workers should encourage clients to share their thoughts and feelings and also family members can support them to decrease the percentage of whakama. Adverse socia-economic factor two Not every client have a same economic status, some are rich and some are poor. Clients who have lower economic status always feel down to themselves and feel depressed to share their thoughts and feeling with health worker, fearing the expenses of the treatment. They may feel embarrassed of their current economic status which will be very hard for health workers to find out what medical problems they facing. Task 2 Determine the implications of identified impacts of whakama on hauora outcomes. 2.1 a). Identify three (3) negative hauora implications of whakama and how they impact on hauora outcomes. b). Identify three (3) positive hauora implications of whakama, and how they impact on hauora outcomes. Negative outcome one (Feeling of inferiority/ lack of education) Many clients who are in health care facilities are not educated or didn't receive proper education. This can lead to whakama for example, they feel depressed or withdraw themselves from others. Emotionally they feel that they are different from others and avoid expressing their thoughts and feeling with caregivers. Negative outcome two (Feeling embarrassment while practicing cultural rituals) Maori clients are very much attached with their traditional and cultural value. So client believe that traditional practice are good for wellbeing and to make them happy. But they feel embarrassed or shy to practice it the facility because of others judgment. Negative outcome three (Withdrawal) Some clients who are unfamiliar with a facilities environment usually withdraw themselves from others. If this happens than they stop interacting with other's and health workers because they feel unease while they stay there. It can affect their health. Positive outcome one (Include whanau in client care plan) To decrease whakama in client healthcare workers should identify there whakama and include whanau in care plan to support client to feel happy and relaxed. For clients holistic wellbeing family and friend's should support healthcare workers to minimize the whakama of their client. Maori are always very attached to their whanau. Positive outcome two Employee MÄ ori staffs in healthcare facilities. Some Maori clients may not be able to speak proper English which can make them feel depressed so the healthcare facilities should employee MÄ ori staffs who can communicate with the client in their own language to know what are their thoughts and feeling. Positive outcome three Clients at healthcare facilities have difficulties with hearing so caregivers should speak softly and slowly with them so that they can understand you better. Always give information to a client before doing any care so that they will be aware of what you going to do.

Poetry, Post-1914 – Literature Coursework

With detailed reference to three poems, compare and contrast the poets' presentation of war through their choice of language and form. World War One was one of the most influential events over Western literature. The three poems which I will analyse in this essay are â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen, â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death† by W.B. Yeats and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† also by Wilfred Owen. Poets such as Owen decided to write very powerful poems at this period of time to show the world what was going on in the war. By these poems being written and published in various newspapers, the world would get to see what was really happening in the war, rather than seeing all the propaganda that many governments showed the public. The forms of the three poems are mainly very different. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† is written as a sonnet, which is generally associated with love. This association suggests that â€Å"Anthem† was written as a celebration of their lives, rather than as a poem to commemorate their lives. Another slight similarity is that â€Å"Anthem† and â€Å"Dulce† are both written using stanzas, rather than â€Å"An Irishman† which is written in free form, even though it is significantly longer than â€Å"Anthem†. The rhyme schemes of â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death† are the same, following the ABAB†¦ pattern, however â€Å"Anthem For Doomed Youth† has a very different rhyme scheme, sometimes using ABAB†¦ and sometimes using AABB†¦ the times in which these rules are used are very random. â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† was written by Owen to tell the world about what was really happening in the war. Most of the poem is made up of phrases describing the torment and pain that soldiers went through during this time. An example of one of these phrases is when he says â€Å"Knock-kneed, coughing like hags†, by using this simile, Owen is conveying to the audience that many soldiers were injured and suffering badly during the war. Yeats uses a similar technique to get the message of bad conditions through to the audience, he says â€Å"Those I fight I do not hate†, stating that he doesn't even know the people that he is fighting, so cannot have hate for them, even though they could kill or injure him. He is also showing a different tone to the poem, saying that it is indifferent, calm and detached. â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death† is written in first person, giving it a personal feel, making you feel like you know the â€Å"Irish Airman† and understand his problems and sorrows. Contrary to this, both â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† and â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† are written in third person, making the reader feel like the poems are more of a story than a person account of the war, even though Owen fought in the war. There are many messages in each of the poems. One of the most easy to see hidden message occurs in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth†, line three is the longest line throughout the whole poem and it says this: â€Å"Only the stuttering rifles' raid battle†. This phrase can be interpreted in many different ways. One of these could be that the â€Å"stuttering rifles† are the prayers that are being said for the soldiers have been saying, however the â€Å"stuttering rifles† could mean the rifles are causing a long and painful death, and this is, in fact the reason why the line is so long. In â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† the same technique is also used. This time the longest line is the second line which says â€Å"Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through the sludge†. This line is saying how the soldiers were so injured and worn out that they â€Å"cursed through the sludge† meaning it took them a long time. This is the reason why th e line is so long. The longest line of â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death† does however not follow the same pattern. The first line of â€Å"Anthem† is written in the form of a rhetorical question, this question makes you think about what happened to all the people that died â€Å"like cattle† die in inhuman ways, and just being slaughtered. â€Å"Dulce† immediately starts by using a simile; â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks†, this simile is showing you the extent of the injuries suffered, it made them â€Å"bent† like old people would be, not young people who should have fit and healthy bodies. â€Å"I know that I shall meet my fate† is the opening line of â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death†, this immediate impact, by the man saying he is going to die is very dramatic; it engages the reader and creates suspense about what is going to happen. The past, present and future are all mentioned in â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death†. â€Å"I know that I shall meet my fate† is the airman saying that he knows that he will die soon, this is in the present, â€Å"The years to come, seemed waste of breath† is saying that the years to come seem a waste of time, talking about the future and â€Å"A waste of breath the years behind† is saying that the years gone by also seem like a waste of time. This use of all three tenses is giving the audience a briefing about what happened in the past, what is happening at the moment and what the airman fears will happen in the future. Both â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† are written in the present because they have a main purpose of telling the audience what is happening, rather than what happen in the past and what will happen in the future. During the early 1900's many British people were religious, rather than today, where only a small fraction of people keep any religious observance. The fact that people kept to there religion meant that a lot of this type of imagery was put into poems during the war. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† has all the components in it to tell you what a funeral for one of the fallen soldiers would be like, it mentions â€Å"bells† as in bells at a church, but Owen may also be referring to the noise of the rifles, it also mentions â€Å"prayer† which could also be the hope that the soldiers had in order that they would survive and it also mentions many others including â€Å"choirs† which could be the other soldiers. Similarly to â€Å"Anthem†, â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death† also uses religious imagery; this occurs when Yeats says â€Å"my country is Kiltartan Cross†, this can be perceived in the way that â€Å"Kiltartan Cross† is his religion, because it is where he is from, and he has great passion to fight for them, in order that they win. Both â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† describe injured servicemen in great detail. This is done because the injuries were so great that some of the soldiers had, the poets felt a ‘responsibility' of telling the public what was happening. One example of this poetic device in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† is when it says; â€Å"The pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall; Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds† This is saying that there faces were the colour of a coffin cloth (white) and that they had wounded minds like a patient in hospital. One type of this imagery used in â€Å"Dulce† is when Owen says; â€Å"If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs† This is saying that blood was spooling out of the â€Å"corrupted† lungs, making you imagine a dead or struggling soldier on the floor with blood oozing out of him. Contrary to these two poems â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death† does not describe injured soldiers; this may be because Yeats wanted to make his poem seem different to many poems which were appearing in the media at the time. After writing this essay, I have realised that different poets use different techniques to write their poems, making them appealing to different types of audiences.

Rhetorical analysis “The Hardest of the Hardcore”

It is believed that the United States allocates approximately 316 billion dollars a year on these groups. Distant from securing companies, they also provide security for the police, and government officials. Most of them are ex-special forces, and veterans. Some are ex-cons. Some people refer to them as mercenaries, and some people call them builders. Others would describe the mission as training other soldiers. They are used all around the world, providing different services in support of the United States Military. What is their role? Student, Dylan Fujitani in his research policy argument, â€Å"The hardest of the hardcore† writes an article suggesting the removal of private contractors from the Middle East. It suggests that there is a common misconception that people are confused between the difference of civilian contractors, mercenaries, people in the military, and that civilian contractors should not adopt a military role. He adopts a serious tone in order to clutch the attention of his audience. There are a lot of misconceptions to what some may believe the key objectives of the support staff/private contractors/ mercenaries are in the Middle East, and Congress must swiftly act to level the playing field between US military personnel and private security contractors. Most of the writer’s points in the essay seem relevant, and consistent with my past experiences in dealing with private contractors. I agree that there is a common misconception about the role of the private contractor/mercenary. Historically, the mercenary is a soldier for hire, however, the private contractor also has different dignitary support roles. Fujitani successfully uses pathos in his essay to persuade his audience particularly when he suggests that the use of mercenaries circumvents public, and congressional scrutiny of some aspects of war (Fujitani 374). The writer’s purpose here is trying to persuade people, by giving an emotional appeal that civilian contractors (who have questionable prior backgrounds) are armed, are given essentially given legal immunity. Another example of Fujitani using pathos is when he said that placing more contractors in the theater of war is a good way to keep US troops numbers down, but politically it’s more expensive. Here he is suggesting that the United States is trying to mask the severity of war. Even though he provided examples from both sides of the case, he’s extremely ineffective in this area because it seems he was not concerned with presenting the counterargument fair-mindedly. Although the writer uses pathos in this particular section part of his essay, most of this paper is logos heavy. These styles of comparison help the writer convey to his audience a sense of importance by using the language that is quite familiar to the military. He indeed uses language that was easy for military, and nonmilitary personnel to understand. The writer seems very prejudiced, however, uses citations to support his opinion. I agree with the writer on the information that was presented, and how he was able to break down the concepts. I understand what he proposes when he references the role of civilian mercenaries. The writer was able to convince readers that his opinion was truly legit using ethos by referencing several published articles from credible sources. The reference New York Times article also gives good examples to support his reasoning. In contrast to what the writer believes, I believe that there is a position that supports the private contracting business overseas. The writer clearly overlooks some important points that should be noted on the contrary. In my experience, I believe civilian contractors provide essential support services to the United States military. It is imperative that the military should not waste valuable resources, and manpower on support positions. To the contrary of what most people think, war is not always shooting at people, capturing prisoners, and kicking down doors 24 hours a day. A lot of essential jobs are in support. The use of private contractors help with convoys, logistics, and food services help free up essential manpower for the military to concentrate on high mission profile assignments. In conclusion, the writer’s essay was ineffective because I believe that his essay appeals to one type of audience. The writer seems to not have any knowledge of how wartime operations are drawn out and conducted. Although not perfect, I believe that the use of private contractors are essential and should not be completely weeded out the process. On the contrary, he was effective because I think he used mostly logos to appeal to his audience. He references essentially six principles on why private contractors/mercenaries should be extremely downscaled. He starts off by reference in how mercenaries disguised the true cost of war. Here he explains how civilian contractors actually disguise the number of deployed troops. He goes on and references how civilian contractors have no loyalties, and ultimately answer only to their employers and not the military. He again uses logos by citing a report on how mercenaries assigned in Saudi Arabia left their post indefinitely, because they were not comfortable. Fujanti then moves to tie the two points together making a clear contrast on how the US military, and civilian mercenaries are accountable to the Geneva Convention. He describes how civilian mercenaries have no accountability to the law to whereas the US military does. The mercenaries are considered â€Å"noncombatants† and therefore it is difficult for them to fall within the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The writer closes his argument by expressing how private contractors frequently hire employees with questionable backgrounds. He appeals to his audience by citing an article from the New York Times how 1500 S. African mercenaries are now in the Iraqi area. He expresses that many of the people that are participating admitted to being former apartheid mercenaries. Fujanti is clearly frustrated knowing that these kinds of practices are frequently carried, nothings done about it, and moves to propose his solution by conveying that the problems that were discussed earlier needs to be addressed by Congress swiftly, and immediately to protect the legitimate uses of war from market forces, lawlessness, and the abuse of power.

Gender and Educational Attainment - 1048 Words

There are significant differences between the genders in terms of the educational success of girls and of boys. In the 1960s, boys achieved results that were on average 5% better than girls. Until the mid 1980s, boys out-performed girls at all levels of the education system, with the exception of 11+. Most educational writers read this as being proof that girls were generally less intelligent than boys and that boys were late developers . There was little serious challenge to this type of thinking until the 1960s and 1970s when feminists pointed out that the better school performance of boys was not the result of the superiority of male intelligence, but that the educational experiences of boys and girls were very different.†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Hartman points out that the attention that is paid to gender differences in achievement is large when compared to the way much larger differences in attainment between the social classes are ignored. Traditionally high achieving females have come from middle-class backgrounds. Riddell (1992) found that middle-class girls shared the achievement values of the school and sought the approval of teachers. Working-class girls saw their futures in terms of the local job market combined with motherhood and domesticity. However, Sharpe (1994) found working-class girls attitudes had changed dramatically in the past 20 years with careers, travel and independence now increasingly valued. Such attitudes reflect what Wilkinson (1994) refers to as the genderquake whereby young females are increasingly striving for a fulfilling career with good earning potential. Thus young women are more confident, assertive and ambitious; striving for gender equality. There has been a huge growth in the numbers of women working, with successful career women operating as positive role models. In 2005, figures show nearly double the number of women entering high status careers such as medicine and the law. Working mothers are providing positive role models for their daughters. Fuller (1984) found in her study of black girls in Brent, that girls were motivated not to end up in dead-end jobs like their mothers. Working class unqualified women still tend to beShow MoreRelatedIn What Ways Do Social Class, Gender and Ethnicity Intersect with Educational Attainment and Participation? Provide Some Examples to Illustrate.1895 Words   |  8 PagesSociology Essay In what ways do social class, gender and ethnicity intersect with educational attainment and participation? Provide some examples to illustrate. Nearly thirteen years into the new millennium and so many of the gaps most noticeable within the education system in the twentieth century have been closed. 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